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Aristotle
(384-322 B.C.)
Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, was born in Stagira, a Greek colony on
the northwestern shore of the Aegean Sea — hence sometimes called
"the Stagirite." The son of court physician of Amyntas II, he studied
(361-347) under Plato at the academy in Athens; tutored Alexander the
Great (c. 342-335); taught in Athens as head of the Peripatetic school
(335-322). His treatises, in large part consisting of lectures delivered
to his disciples in his school at Athens, may be classified as works
in logic, metaphysics. natural science, ethics and politics, and rhetoric
and poetics. Among his writings on logic (called later the Organon) are:
Prior Analytics (2 books), Posterior Analytics (2 books), and Sophisms.
His great philosophical work is Metaphysics (13 books). In the field of
natural science are: Physics (8 books), On the Heavens (4 books), On
Beginning and Perishing (2 books), Parts of Animals (4 books), Generation
(5 books), On the Soul (De Anino), and On Plants (2 books). In the field
of ethics and politics are: Nicomachean Ethics (10 books) and Politics
(8 books). In the field of rhetoric and poetics are: Rhetoric (3 books)
and Poetics, of which only his treatment of tragedy and epic poetry has
been preserved.
Other works by Aristotle include:
Physica Auscultatio, On Nature as Cause and Change, and the
General Principles of Natural Science.
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